Understanding Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE)

uterine fibroid

Uterine fibroids are a common health condition that can significantly affect women’s quality of life. These noncancerous growths in the uterus may cause heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, and other symptoms that disrupt daily activities. For many women, surgery has long been considered the standard treatment. However, advances in medical care now provide alternatives that avoid invasive procedures. One of the most effective options is uterine fibroid embolization (UFE).

At Preferred Vascular Group, we specialize in minimally invasive vascular procedures, including UFE, to help women regain comfort and control over their health. This article explores the UFE procedure, how it works, its benefits, and what patients can expect before, during, and after treatment.

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are growths that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus. While they are noncancerous, they can cause a wide range of symptoms:

  • Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
  • Pelvic pain or pressure
  • Frequent urination
  • Pain during intercourse
  • Lower back pain
  • Fertility issues in some cases

Fibroids can vary in size and number, and their impact on health depends on these factors as well as their location in the uterus.

Traditional Approaches to Uterine Fibroid Treatment

Historically, treatment for fibroids often involved surgery, such as:

  • Hysterectomy – the complete removal of the uterus, eliminating fibroids but ending fertility.
  • Myomectomy – surgical removal of fibroids while preserving the uterus.

While effective, these procedures require hospitalization, anesthesia, and lengthy recovery times. For women seeking less invasive options, non-surgical approaches such as uterine fibroid embolization provide an alternative path to relief.

What Is Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE)?

Uterine fibroid embolization is a minimally invasive procedure performed by interventional radiologists. Instead of removing fibroids through surgery, UFE works by blocking the blood flow that supplies fibroid tissue, causing the fibroids to shrink over time.

During the procedure, a physician inserts a catheter through a small incision in the groin or wrist and guides it into the uterine arteries. Tiny particles are then delivered to block the vessels feeding the fibroids. Without blood flow, fibroids gradually shrink and symptoms improve.

Benefits of the UFE Procedure

The UFE procedure offers several important benefits compared to surgery:

  • Non-surgical: Requires only a small incision, with no large cuts or stitches.
  • Short recovery: Most patients return to normal activities within one to two weeks.
  • Preserves the uterus: Unlike hysterectomy, UFE does not remove the uterus, making it an option for women who want to retain it.
  • High success rate: Studies show that the majority of women experience significant relief from fibroid-related symptoms.
  • Lower risk: Fewer complications compared to open surgery.

These benefits make UFE one of the most effective forms of non-surgical fibroid treatment available today.

Who Is a Candidate for UFE?

Not all patients are ideal candidates for uterine fibroid embolization. Generally, women may benefit from UFE if they:

  • Have symptomatic fibroids causing pain, heavy bleeding, or pressure
  • Want to avoid surgery or preserve the uterus
  • Are not planning to become pregnant in the future (fertility outcomes after UFE remain an area of ongoing research)
  • Do not have certain pelvic infections or cancers

A consultation with a vascular specialist can help determine whether UFE is the right treatment based on individual health needs.

What to Expect During the UFE Procedure

Understanding the process can ease anxiety and help patients prepare. The procedure typically involves the following steps:

Preparation
Patients undergo imaging studies, such as MRI or ultrasound, to assess fibroid size and location.

Procedure

  • Local anesthesia and mild sedation are given for comfort.
  • A catheter is inserted into the femoral artery (in the groin) or radial artery (in the wrist).
  • Using imaging guidance, the catheter is advanced into the uterine arteries.
  • Embolic particles are released to block blood flow to the fibroids.

Duration
The procedure usually takes one to two hours.

Recovery
Patients are monitored for a few hours and often return home the same day or the next morning.

Recovery After Uterine Fibroid Embolization

The recovery process is generally shorter than that of surgical procedures:

  • Initial days: Some cramping and discomfort are common and can be managed with medication.
  • First week: Fatigue may occur, but most patients resume light activities.
  • One to two weeks: Many patients return to work and normal routines.
  • Long-term: Fibroids shrink over several months, leading to gradual symptom relief.

Regular follow-up imaging ensures the treatment is successful.

Effectiveness of UFE Compared to Other Treatments

Research shows that UFE is highly effective, with approximately 85–90% of women experiencing significant improvement in symptoms. Compared to surgical treatments:

  • UFE vs. Hysterectomy: Both provide relief, but UFE avoids major surgery and preserves the uterus.
  • UFE vs. Myomectomy: Myomectomy may be preferred for women planning pregnancy, while UFE is often better for those prioritizing shorter recovery.

As a uterine fibroid treatment, UFE provides a balance of effectiveness, safety, and minimal downtime.

Advantages of Non-Surgical Fibroid Treatment

Non-surgical approaches like UFE align with modern healthcare’s emphasis on patient comfort, safety, and faster recovery. Key advantages include:

  • Reduced hospital stays
  • Lower risk of infection
  • Faster return to daily life
  • Less physical and emotional strain

For many women, these benefits make non-surgical fibroid treatment the preferred option.

Conclusion

Uterine fibroids can disrupt daily life, but women no longer need to rely solely on surgery for relief. Uterine fibroid embolization offers a proven, minimally invasive solution that provides effective symptom control, preserves the uterus, and shortens recovery time. As a leading option for non-surgical fibroid treatment, UFE continues to help women reclaim their health and well-being.

At Preferred Vascular Group, our specialists provide advanced, patient-centered care to ensure the best outcomes for fibroid management. By understanding your options and exploring treatments like UFE, you can make informed decisions that support your long-term health.

FAQs About Uterine Fibroid Embolization

1. Is UFE painful?
Mild to moderate cramping is common during and after the procedure, but medication effectively manages discomfort.

2. How long does it take for fibroids to shrink after UFE?
Fibroids typically begin shrinking within weeks, with maximum reduction and symptom relief occurring over several months.

3. Can I still get pregnant after UFE?
Fertility outcomes after UFE are still being studied. Some women have successful pregnancies, but others may face challenges. Patients should discuss goals with their doctor.

4. Are fibroids likely to return after UFE?
Because fibroids shrink rather than being removed, new fibroids can develop over time, but recurrence rates are lower compared to some surgical options.

5. Is UFE covered by insurance?

Most insurance providers cover UFE as it is a recognized and established treatment for fibroids. Patients should verify coverage with their provider.